Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) poses a significant threat to vision, particularly because there is no cure. However there are excellent treatments that, if used early, may markedly prevent further vision loss. Early detection and treatment are critical for preventing the disease’s progression and potentially improving vision. Dr. David Rubaltelli, an ophthalmologist and retina specialist in New York City, emphasizes the importance of regular eye exams and a proactive treatment strategy. Learn more about available treatment options for wet AMD.*

Understanding Wet AMD and Its Treatment

Wet AMD involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina, which can leak and cause scarring. These vessels grow in the area of central vision. The condition may develop quickly, making early detection vital, and the treatment options depend upon the severity helps determine treatment options.

There are three stages of dry AMD: 

• Early,
• Intermediate,  and 
• Late.  

In the early and intermediate stages, vision loss may not be noticeable, underscoring the importance of regular eye exams. This allows for the immediate implementation of a strategy to preserve vision if AMD progression is detected.

Treatment aims to shrink these vessels using anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. VEGF is a naturally occurring substance in the body that promotes blood vessel growth, but in the eyes of those with wet AMD it contributes to the growth of abnormal vessels. This can invade the area of central vision, initially causing distortion and later leading to loss of central (reading) vision. 

Anti-VEGF medications are administered via eye injections. These injections help halt disease progression by reducing swelling, which often improves vision. Though some people fear eye injections, they are generally painless due to numbing agents used during the procedure. 

Injections are typically given monthly until the disease is inactive, though some individuals may require ongoing treatment. Newer types of anti-VEGF injections can be given less often, and there is even a port that can be placed in one’s eye, which minimizes injection frequency.

Other Treatments for Wet AMD

While far less common, other treatments for wet AMD include photodynamic therapy and photocoagulation therapy. 

Photodynamic therapy combines a laser treatment with an intravenous injection of a light-sensitive compound, but it is only effective for specific subsets of AMD. 

Photocoagulation therapy uses a thermal laser to treat abnormal blood vessels, creating a scar that does not affect vision. This method is only employed when bleeding does not occur in the central vision area.

Nutritional Supplements 

Nutritional supplements can also play a role in preventing the progression of AMD. Supplements used in The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS 2) have been shown to reduce the risk of intermediate dry AMD developing into late-stage wet AMD by about 25% over five years. 

These supplements contain high doses of:

• Vitamins C and E, 
• Copper,   
• Lutein,  
• Zeaxanthin, and 
• Zinc.  

While these supplements are generally safe, it’s essential to consult a doctor to ensure they do not interfere with your other medications.

Low-Vision Rehabilitation

For those who have lost central vision due to wet AMD, low-vision rehabilitation can help maximize your remaining vision. Specialists such as low-vision ophthalmologists or optometrists can aid daily activities by providing tools like:

• Magnifiers,
• High-powered reading glasses, and 
• Electronic devices. 

Additionally, low-tech strategies, such as using dark-colored dinner plates to enhance contrast, can improve daily functioning. 

Starting treatment early and adhering to a prescribed regimen, along with regular follow-ups, are key to managing wet AMD effectively.

Combinations of the above habits and techniques can collectively help you maintain and maximize your vision despite the challenges posed by this condition.

*Suszynski, M. (2023, March 13). Treatments to Slow Vision Loss From Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Everyday Health. https://www.everydayhealth.com/hs/managing-wet-amd/vision-loss-treatment/

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