Glaucoma, a condition that damages the optic nerve, is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, affecting nearly 60 million people. While incurable, not only can treatment slow its progression, but changes to one’s lifestyle have the potential to ward off further damage.*

Several studies show that lifestyle factors can influence eye pressure, which is a major risk factor for the disease. People at risk of glaucoma, or who have been diagnosed, should prioritize developing certain habits to help minimize the risk of losing vision, beyond drugs and surgery. 

Ten lifestyle changes to reduce risk of vision loss

Being aware of modifiable risk factors empowers you to take the necessary steps to ward off damage. Because there is limited clinical data to make broad recommendations regarding lifestyle factors, you should always discuss with your doctor how to apply these lifestyle changes to your unique case.

1.  Exercise regularly.

A 2017 study showed that people who engage in moderate to vigorous physical activity appear to have a 73% lower risk of developing glaucoma. Exercise, for example, can take the form of walking; 7,000 steps a day, every day of the week, is considered equivalent to 30 minutes a day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at least five days a week.

2. Maintain a regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, especially leafy greens.

 A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology showed that people who ate more leafy vegetables had a 20% to 30% lower risk of developing glaucoma. This is because the nitrates in green vegetables, which convert to nitric oxide, may improve blood flow and help regulate pressure inside the eye.

3. Make the switch from coffee to tea.

A study published in 2017 found that people who consumed at least one cup of hot tea daily had significantly decreased odds of having glaucoma compared with those who did not consume hot tea. Antioxidants and flavonoids in tea have the potential to prevent the harmful effects of free radicals, which can damage cells and DNA. In comparison, excessive daily coffee consumption (five or more cups of caffeinated coffee) increases the risk of developing glaucoma.

4. Take a magnesium supplement, but consult your doctor first.

Studies suggest that an adequate intake of dietary magnesium may be beneficial for patients with glaucoma, as it improves circulation. Research also suggests, however, that too much magnesium may be associated with an increased risk of glaucoma.

5. Brush, floss, and visit the dentist regularly.

According to research published in the medical journal, Ophthalmology, tooth loss may be linked to increased glaucoma risk. This is because periodontal disease may trigger an inflammatory response that can contribute to glaucoma.

6. Avoid smoking.

Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of glaucoma, and overall, negatively impacts eye health, studies show.

7. Maintain healthy body weight.

Research indicates that people with a higher body mass index (BMI) are at increased risk for diabetes, and having diabetes puts people at risk of glaucoma. In contrast, having an abnormally low BMI is also associated with increased glaucoma risk.

8. Avoid inverted postures in yoga.

Glaucoma patients should avoid head-down positions, like headstands or downward dog poses, in yoga classes, as they can increase eye pressure. There are plenty of other yoga exercises that don’t have this effect.

9. Avoid neckties.

Researchers found that a necktie that is tight around the neck may increase the risk of glaucoma by increasing blood pressure inside the eyes.

10. Regular screenings for glaucoma, especially if you have a family history of the condition.

Researchers have identified certain genes that increase the risk of glaucoma. Black people, people with diabetes, and those with a family history of glaucoma are at an increased risk of developing glaucoma.

*American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2018, Jan. 2). 10 Tips to Reduce Your Chance of Losing Vision from the Most Common Cause of Blindness. https://www.aao.org/newsroom/news-releases/detail/10-tips-to-reduce-your-chance-of-losing-vision

Any sources from outside of Prevent Blindness do not imply an endorsement from Prevent Blindness. The contents of the material used are the responsibility of the authoring organization, Responsum Health.