Crohn’s disease is primarily known for its impact on the gastrointestinal system, but it can also lead to complications in other parts of the body, including the eyes. As many as 12% of individuals with Crohn’s disease may experience eye complications. These issues can range from mild discomfort to severe conditions that could potentially threaten vision. Learn more about the connection between Crohn’s disease and eye health, and what steps you can take to support and protect and support your sight.*

How Crohn’s Disease Affects the Eyes

Crohn’s disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), triggers inflammation in various parts of the body, including the eyes. About 40% of people with IBD experience extra-intestinal symptoms, and around 10% specifically face eye problems. 

The tissues of the eye are similar to those in the gastrointestinal tract, making them vulnerable to the same inflammatory processes. In some cases, eye problems might even precede gastrointestinal symptoms, signaling the onset of Crohn’s disease.

Common Eye Complications in Crohn’s Disease

Uveitis

Uveitis, an inflammation of the uvea, is one of the most common eye complications in Crohn’s disease. This condition can cause swelling and blurred vision, and if left untreated, may lead to glaucoma, a serious eye disease. 

A study conducted in Taiwan found that people with IBD are at a significantly higher risk of developing uveitis compared to those without IBD.

Episcleritis and Dry Eyes

Episcleritis, another eye condition associated with Crohn’s, involves inflammation of the white part of the eye, leading to redness and discomfort. It often occurs during active Crohn’s flare-ups. 

Additionally, dry eye syndrome, characterized by reduced tear production, can occur due to the same inflammatory processes that affect the gastrointestinal tract. If you have dry eyes, you may have reduced tear production, leading to:

• Itching,  
• Burning, and
• Increased risk of infection.

In severe cases, vitamin A deficiency, common in Crohn’s patients due to malabsorption, can exacerbate dry eye syndrome and potentially cause night blindness.

Keratopathy

Keratopathy is an abnormality of the cornea that may result from other eye conditions like uveitis or dry eyes. It involves the formation of white deposits on the cornea and can lead to further complications if not treated promptly. 

Treatment options for these eye conditions typically involve:

• Steroid eye drops, 
• Artificial tears, or 
• Other medications to reduce inflammation.

Prevention and Regular Eye Care

To mitigate the risk of eye complications, experts recommend that people with Crohn’s disease:

• Prioritize regular eye examinations (about every six to 12 months), especially for those on steroids, 
• Manage their Crohn’s disease with appropriate medications and diet,
• Avoid triggers like tobacco and caffeine, and 
• Maintain good overall health.

Early detection through routine eye exams can prevent severe outcomes and help protect your vision and quality of life.

*Shimer Bowers, E. (2023, June 1). Can Crohn’s Disease Cause Eye Problems? Everyday Health. 

https://www.everydayhealth.com/crohns-disease/symptoms/can-crohns-disease-affect-your-eyes/ 

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