Being diagnosed with glaucoma can be an overwhelming experience, often accompanied by anxiety and uncertainty. It’s natural to have numerous questions and concerns. Here, glaucoma specialist Dr. J. Kevin McKinney addresses questions he often receives from his patients.

Accepting a Diagnosis While Feeling Fine

One of the most challenging aspects of a glaucoma diagnosis is that it often feels unreal, McKinney says, especially since the disease is usually asymptomatic in its early stages. Since you may not notice any changes in your vision, you may find it difficult to accept the diagnosis. 

Adhering to the prescribed treatment plan is crucial, however, even if the disease seems invisible. Neglecting medication can lead to the progression of symptoms and vision loss that could otherwise be prevented.

With proper treatment, consistent follow-up appointments, and adherence to treatment regimens, the majority of patients with glaucoma have a very low risk of becoming legally blind. 

Exploring Treatment Paths

Most patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma, the most prevalent form in the United States, have three primary treatment options: eye drops, laser therapy, or surgery. Each option serves to lower eye pressure, which is critical for managing the disease.

• Eye drops. The first line of treatment usually involves daily eye drops. These must be used exactly as prescribed to be effective, despite potential side effects such as burning or blurred vision.
• Laser therapy. Some patients may undergo laser surgery, which helps drain fluid from the eye to reduce pressure. This can be used alone or in conjunction with eye drops.
• Surgical procedures. If other treatments are insufficient, more invasive surgical options, such as trabeculectomy or tube shunt implants, may be recommended. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS) are also available for some patients.

Many patients will require multiple treatments over time, as eye pressure can worsen with age. Regular monitoring is essential for lifelong glaucoma management.

Disease Management and Lifestyle Adjustments

Glaucoma progression is often beyond the patient’s control, as it is frequently linked to genetic factors. According to McKinney, however, you can still take steps to slow its progression by adopting a healthy lifestyle.

• Diet and hydration. Avoid smoking, excessive alcohol, and large amounts of liquid at once. These can increase eye pressure. A balanced diet and staying hydrated are beneficial, but moderation is key.
• Exercise and sleep. Regular aerobic exercise is recommended, but certain yoga positionse, such as those that place the head below the heart and increase blood pressure should be avoided. Proper sleep hygiene is also important, as conditions like sleep apnea can worsen glaucoma.
• Medication caution. Steroids, whether oral, topical, or inhaled, can accelerate glaucoma progression. Always consult with your ophthalmologist before starting any new medication.

• Protective measures. Wearing safety glasses during sports or risky activities like woodwork, metalwork, and leaf-blowing can help prevent eye injuries that could exacerbate glaucoma. Small lifestyle adjustments can have a significant impact on managing the disease.

By understanding these aspects of glaucoma, patients can navigate their diagnosis with greater confidence. Regular communication with your ophthalmologist and adherence to treatment plans are critical in protecting your vision and maintaining quality of life.

*Mukamal, R. (2023, January 11). What to Know After a Glaucoma Diagnosis. American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/common-questions-concerns-glaucoma-diagnosis#:~ 

Responsum Health closely vets all sources to ensure that we always provide you with high-quality, reliable information. We do not, however, endorse or recommend any specific providers, treatments, or products, and the use of a given source does not imply an endorsement of any provider, treatment, medication, or procedure discussed within.